Corporate Law Securities and Investment

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Law for Securities and Investment. Answer: Introduction: The present case had been commenced as civil proceedings in the Supreme Court of New South Wales by the Commission of Australian Securities and Investment against James Hardie Industries Limited. The case was commenced in context to false and misleading preparation and presentation of public statements and breached the regulations of section 180(1) under Corporations Act. It was found that the case involved James Hardie Industries NV along with the seven directors, former non- executive and three former executives of James Hardie Industries Limited. The decision of the case presented the significance on the role of directors including executive and non- executive directors, along with the senior executive management of the organization. Further, the case also highlighted the appropriate implementation of legal regulations for considering the strategic matters, issues on corporate governance and other business decisions. Background of the case: James Hardie Industries Limited was holding/ parent company of the organizational group James Hardie that was engaged in the manufacturing and trading business of asbestos till the year 1937. Until the year 1987, the James Hardie group including its two subsidiary companies engaged in the business of same products. Later, in the year 2001, early February, the board members of the organization formed a foundation named Medical Research and Compensation in order to manage and satisfy the claim for asbestos products. Accordingly, the organizational executives prepared a draft ASX announcement for the purpose of public release which was approved by the board of directors. Another event occurred during the same time was formation of covenant and indemnity deed between the company and Coy Jsekarb to indemnify the organization from the liabilities against the trading of products. As per the release of ASX draft by the James Hardie Group, the total assets of the foundation was valued and stated to $293 million. It was mentioned that the said amount would be enough to meet the required funds for compensatory claims for the injury on using the asbestos products. In view of the press conference, it was noted that the organizations CEO, Mr. Macdonald, presented statements on the Foundations sufficient funds. Moreover, it was found that The Deed was not presented and revealed in any announcement made by ASX. Further, it was observed that the group of James Hardie was restricted after the formation of the Foundation, in terms of new parent company and incorporated in the Netherlands. During the year 2002, the CEO of the enterprise, Mr. Macdonald provided presentation across several regions stating the statement on sufficient funds in the Foundation with respect to the holding company, James Hardie Group. Accordingly, the Commission of Australian Securities and Investment initiated civil proceedings against the organizations (JHIL and JHNIV) for presenting false and misleading statement. The commission contended that the organizations provided false statements with respect to the securities leading to deceptive conduct and breach of continuous disclosures in compliance with the principles of Corporations Act. Apart from the organization, the proceeding was also commenced against the non- executive directors, CEO of the organization as well as the General Counsel along with the organizational CFO. Legal Issues The following case involves civil proceedings with respect to the supervision and regulation of the relevant principles of Corporations Act. The case incorporates whether the announcement made for the Foundation statement was approved at the meeting of the directors and whether the minute was prepared in compliance with the principles under section 251A and 1305 of the Corporations Act. It had been observed that the statement issued by the organizational directors contained fraud and misleading information to the investors and other stakeholders of the company. It is required to be determined that whether the directors of the company including senior executives breached the regulations of section 180(1) of the Corporations Act. Further, the present case requires to determine whether the principles of section 995(2) of the Corporations Act had been complied while making the announcement for the release of statement to ASX. Since the released statement contained the information on exis ting funds with the Foundation, it is essential to disclose the true and fair value of assets and funds for the benefit of stakeholders, investors and public. Accordingly, the final release of the statements requires to be approved by the directors as well as it is important to check the compliance of legal regulations for correct and fair disclosure of value of assets. Therefore, it is required to be analyzed whether the company followed the principles of section 995(2) and 999 along with the regulations of section 180(1), 181 under Corporations Act. It is to be determined whether the directors failed to comply the regulations of Corporations Act section 180(1) with respect to the approval of draft statement and public announcement made through ASX. Apart from the company and directors, the case includes analysis on compliance of Corporation Act regulations in part of CEO and general counsel with respect to the draft Information Memorandum to be used for the arrangement of members scheme. Additionally, regulations of section 1041 under Corporation Act along with the analysis of Listing Regulations 3.1 for the purpose of restructuring disclosures. Legal Principles According to section 251A under Corporations Act, the organization is required to prepare and maintain the minute book within the period of one month to record the resolutions and proceedings of the meetings. It is also important to record the proceedings of meeting of directors as well as other resolutions passed by the company directors or members. Further, section 1305 of the Corporations Act requires a company to maintain the corporate books for the purpose of admissible in evidence for proceedings or any other legal matters (Austlii.edu.au 2016). As per section 180 of the Corporations Act on care and diligence to be performed by the directors and executives, it is significant to exercise the duties for business activities by maintain reasonable care and diligence. The directors and executive officers are required to discharge the requisite duties with proper care so that the business decisions and activities reflects true and fair results for the stakeholders and public (Madsen and Rodgers 2015). For the purpose of any business decisions, directors and executives are responsible to make judgment based on good faith and it should not include any personal interest material to the company. Apart from that, section 180 provides that the directors and executives should inform themselves including the company for the purpose of appropriate and fair business decisions. It is important to conduct business activities as well as business decisions in the best interests of the organization as well he stakeholders (Crane, Graham and Himick 2015). Moreover, section 180(1) along with the sub- section (2) should be operated in compliance to the regulations of common law with respect to the directors duties. Further, section 995 as well as section 999 of the Corporation Act states the regulations on misleading or deceptive conduct for preparing and presenting the statements for dealing in securities. It states that any person, director or executive of the organization should not be involved in relation to the deal of securities for allotment, issue or for the purpose of publishing the related statements (Austlii.edu.au 2016). Moreover, it is stated that the contravention of section 995 would be considered if the statement of securities value or any other relevant information if it contains deceptive or misleading information. Accordingly, section 181 of the Corporation Act requires the organizational directors to present the business documents and statements in true and fair view as well as in good faith for the benefit of investors and other stakeholders of the company. If the any director or executive officer contravenes the principles of section 181, then the offender would be liable under civil penalty as per the limitations mentioned under section 1317E. Accordingly, section 1041 provides that the person engaged with the organization should not be involved in any transactions whether directly or indirectly to create artificial trading price (Austlii.edu.au 2016). Decision Considering the legal regulations and principles of relevant to the circumstances laid in the present case, the court contended that the directors and other organizational executives failed to comply the requirements of Corporation Act. It was found that the secretary, general counsel and other directors of JHIL breached the principles of section 180(1) since the concerned executives failed to ensure the accountability and fairness of the ASX announcement. As the statement mentioned the information on sufficient funds for paying off the compensation, it is significant to present the same with transparency and accountability. The responsibility of presenting the true and fair statement lies on the CEO, CFO, secretary as well as general counsel of the company ensuring the compliance of required provisions of Corporations Act. With respect to the indemnity deed, it was contended by the court that the organizational CEO and General Counsel did not comply the provisions of 180(1) for providing approval to release the deed with misleading information. Accordingly, in case of ASX announcement, the court found that the CEO of the company breached the principles under sections 999 and 995 of Corporations Act since the announcement contained misleading information. In order to present any statement for providing information to the public it is essential to provide correct and appropriate information, which was not presented by the senior executives of JHINV. Since the principles of sections 999 requires the company and concerned senior executives to present the appropriate announcement or public statements, it is essential to provide ASX announcement in compliance with the provisions (Trautman, Triche and Wetherbe 2013). The court found that the CEO of the company Mr. Macdonald did not comply the provisions of se ction 1041 subsection (E) and (H) for involvement in ant transactions. As per the regulations of section 1041(E) and 1041(H), any concerned executive of the organizations should not be involved in the business transactions or any financial products or services. According to the relevant provisions, financial products or service includes dealing or issue of services that involves offer price for securities, bidding or any other pricing recommendations (Augustin, Brenner and Subrahmanyam 2015). In case the requirements of section 1041(E) and 1041(H) are contravened then the offender would be assessed for civil liability under section 1041I, division 4. As per the analysis of the court, it had been found that the senior executives of the company including directors and CEO, regulations of section 1041 of the Companies Act had been contravened (Austlii.edu.au 2016). As a result, the concerned executives would be held liable under civil proceedings to contravene the provisions of Compani es Act for presenting deceptive information in the ASX statements. In addition, the court also found that the company as well as the concerned officials failed to act in good faith following the provisions of the Corporations Act. On the contrary, Australian Securities and Investment Commission failed to form the allegations against the group of James Hardie including senior executives. Accordingly, the court decided that the CEO of the company Mr. Macdonald and other senior executives failed to provide appropriate suggestions to the board of directors for compliance of section 180 and 199 under Corporations Act (Austlii.edu.au 2016). It was found that the secretary of the company, general counsel and CFO failed to verify the compliance of section 1041 and listing rules while disclosing the ASX announcement and other public statements. The Supreme Court of New South Wales held Mr. Macdonald guilty for non- compliance of section 180 subsection 1 of Corporations Act for approving the release of ASX final announcement without eliminating the misleading information. Similarly, while presenting and releasing the indemnity deed, the senior executives and directors failed to comply the provisions of section 995 and 999 in the best interest of the stakeholders and other investors. Therefore, the concerned officials i.e. directors, CEO, company secretary, general counsel and other senior executives held liable for civil penalty for contravention of Companies Act affecting the good faith and best interest of the public. Reference: Agrawal, A. and Cooper, T., 2015. Insider trading before accounting scandals.Journal of Corporate Finance,34, pp.169-190. Aryan, S. and Mirabbasi, B., 2016. Good Faith Principle and Its Consequences in Pre-Contractual Period: A Comparative Study on English and French Law, The.J. Pol. L.,9, p.232. Augustin, P., Brenner, M. and Subrahmanyam, M.G., 2015. Informed options trading prior to MA announcements: Insider trading?.Available at SSRN 2441606. Austlii.edu.au. 2016. Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII). [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/ [Accessed 13 Dec. 2016]. Crane, A., Graham, C. and Himick, D., 2015. Financializing stakeholder claims.Journal of Management Studies,52(7), pp.878-906. Donner, I.H., 2016. Fiduciary Duties of Directors When Managing Intellectual Property.Nw. J. Tech. Intell. Prop.,14, p.203. Huang, Q., Jiang, F., Lie, E. and Yang, K., 2014. The role of investment banker directors in MA.Journal of Financial Economics,112(2), pp.269-286. Knepper, W.E., Bailey, D.A., Bowman, K.B., Eblin, R.L. and Lane, R.S., 2015.Duty of Loyalty(Vol. 1). Liability of Corporate Officers and Directors. Lee, C.C., Wu, Y.L., Huang, W.H., Lee, Y.C., Chen, P.R., Lee, H.R. and Chang, Y.W., 2016. Information disclosure, social responsibility, trust, and attitude affect loyalty to housing agents.Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal,44(5), pp.717-726. Madsen, P.M. and Rodgers, Z.J., 2015. Looking good by doing good: The antecedents and consequences of stakeholder attention to corporate disaster relief.Strategic Management Journal,36(5), pp.776-794. Mouraviev, N. and Kakabadse, N.K., 2015. PublicPrivate Partnerships Procurement Criteria: The case of managing stakeholders value creation in Kazakhstan.Public Management Review,17(6), pp.769-790. Ponsford, M.P., 2016. Corporate Governance and the Business Judgment Rule: Fiduciary Duties of Directors in Canada and The People's Republic of China.Journal of Civil Legal Sciences. Raithel, S. and Schwaiger, M., 2015. The effects of corporate reputation perceptions of the general public on shareholder value.Strategic Management Journal,36(6), pp.945-956. Ryan, S.G., Tucker, J.W. and Zhou, Y., 2015. Securitization and insider trading.The Accounting Review,91(2), pp.649-675. Tarr, J.A., 2015. A growing good faith in contracts.Journal of Business Law,2015(5), pp.410-415. Trautman, L.J., Triche, J. and Wetherbe, J.C., 2013. Corporate Information Technology Governance Under Fire.Journal of Strategic and International Studies,8(3).

Volumetric Analysis Chemistry Lab Report Sample

Volumetric Analysis Chemistry Lab Report Paper It must be understood that the number of moles of the reacting Noah and the number of moles of the product Nag acid, must both equal (in this case 1 11) in order for the calculation to find the molar mass to work. Procedure: Begin the procedure by first making sure all glassware has been cleaned. Next set up the burette for the titration using the same method as week 1. Similar to week 1 the titration is performed using Noah as a base in the solution so the burette should filled with the Noah and the initial volume may be recorded. The acid (acetic acid) should be mixed in solution with 5. 0 ml of acid and 50. 0 ml of water. The water can be added in excess because the hydrogen that bonds with the OH to make water as a product is already present in vinegar and so it doesnt bond with other water molecules. Once the solution is mixed the indicator is added and the titration process may be initiated. As the base is added to the solution a faint purple color appears and disappears. The c olor fades much slower as the titration is almost complete. After completion the final volume of the Noah in the burette was recorded and used in calculation. This entire process was repeated for a second titration. The average molarities of Noah was found and used to determine the percent acetic acid present in vinegar. After calculating the percent acetic acid in vinegar the second part of the experiment was initiated. The first step was weighing out two samples of the unknown acid to between given values on the container. Each sample was used in separate titration. Each titration was carried out using the same methods as before. Once the molar mass of each sample was found the values were then averaged and the deviation was found. We will write a custom essay sample on Volumetric Analysis Chemistry Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Volumetric Analysis Chemistry Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Volumetric Analysis Chemistry Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When solving for the percent of acetic acid present in vinegar the end result of 3. 57% was not far off from the standard 4%. The small error could be a result of error in experiment or an actual failure of the acid to meet the federal standard. An example of error in experimentation is while the solution is titrated completely, the flask being swirled is removed from underneath the burette and a drop or two of Noah can sneak out before the valve is closed. Those few missed drops as well as excess Noah in titration can affect the accuracy of the results. Human error is almost always a factor for example when measuring any values without digital assistance leaves room for the naked eye to make mistakes. As far as the second part of the experiment was, the 0. 0025% deviation indicates that the titration was accurate. The ending molar (202. 59 g/mol) of the mystery acid points to two possible suspects. The mass first being Cesium Determinate, and the second Sodium Determinate. Without the information it wasnt possible to determine which one it would be. There is also a chance that the results had small deviation (accurate) but were not precise. For example if both titration had error due to the mass of the samples being incorrect. There was also a potential error during the second titration. While adding the indicator to the acid solution the tip came in contact with the burette and the drop of indicator managed to seep up the burette into the Noah and so all the Noah that had turned purple had to be drained. Normally flushing the burette would get rid of the indicator but even after flushing the entire system there was still a faint purple lingering in the tip of the burette.

How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile 13th Edition

How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile 13th Edition At long last†¦ How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, 13th  Edition is on sale!! Since March of this year, LinkedIn seems to be making changes to its platform on a daily basis. I have been diligently editing my book as the changes roll in, and I finally feel comfortable enough, now that the major features seem to have settled, that I am â€Å"pulling the trigger† and publishing the 13th  Edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile. As I went through the process of creating this edition, I realized that there’s probably a different format that will be more easily kept current. I’ve decided this will be the FINAL version of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile in its current form! So if you want a comprehensive, up-to-date LinkedIn resource for 2018, now’s the time to get it – for just $9.97! If you do choose to pick up a copy of my book, note that only the e-book has been updated. It is the ONLY book I know of on the market with all the latest images from the current LinkedIn platform. If you get the print version, there will be parts that are out of date, but you can subscribe at no extra cost to get the book in PDF format. that way you can refer to the PDF for anything you need. What’s in the Book? Here’s just a taste of what’s in the 13th edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile: Revised images and instructions throughout to match LinkedIns new redesign Update on which features have really disappeared and which have moved Mobile-specific instructions Special advice from a past recruiter How to create an All-Star profile The new face of LinkedIn Jobs And more! Get KILLER LinkedIn Tips All in One Place Over the past six months, I have published multiple articles about the new LinkedIn. You could certainly take the time to read them all individually. Be warned, however, that some of the material in these articles is already outdated – and they do not cover everything that’s in the new edition of my book. Here’s where you can go to get a sense of just a few of the updates you’ll find in the 13th edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile: Everything You Need to Know About the New LinkedIn Recommendations Section How to Find a Job Using LinkedIn How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Headline The Incredible Disappearing LinkedIn Profile – Part II From the Mouth of LinkedIn: 6 Things You Need to Know The Incredible Disappearing LinkedIn Profile – Part I But why go to six different places when you could get everything in one total package? Remember, this is the last year that How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile will exist in its current format. If you purchase the PDF, I’ll continue to provide you with updates until January 2019 if relevant changes occur on LinkedIn. After that, I’m scheming up something new! Also, starting a month from now, the PDF version of my book will NOT be available for sale for three months on my website. So now is the time to get the best, most up-to-date handbook that exists on writing a KILLER LinkedIn profile. I’m open to ideas for what to create next. If there’s anything you’d like to see for my next resource about LinkedIn, please share!

How Is the SAT Scored Scoring Charts

How Is the SAT Scored Scoring Charts SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One question that often comes up as you begin studying for the SAT is this: how on earth is this thing scored? Or more specifically, how are the raw scores you earn from each section turned into those neat numbers between 200 and 800 you see on the score report? This article breaks down how the SAT is scored, section by section. You will learn how your raw score becomes a scaled score and how you can use that information to your advantage. After all, a strong understanding of the exam can give you an edge on the SAT. Overview The SAT has two big sections – Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW), and Math. You can earn a scaled score of between 200 and 800 points on each section, for a total of 1600 possible points on the Redesigned SAT. (If you're looking for information about the old SAT, which was last offered in January 2016 and scored out of 2400, you can learn here how to calculate your SAT score and how to interpret your SAT results.) The scaled score of between 200 and 800 is converted from the raw score you earn on each section. Your raw score is simply the number of questions you answered correctly. Skipped or wrong questions do not add or subtract from your raw score. So how do those raw scores become scaled scores? It happens through a process that College Board calls equating: â€Å"Equating ensures that the different forms of the test or the level of ability of the students with whom you are tested do not affect your score. Equating makes it possible to make comparisons among test takers who take different editions of the test across different administrations.† In other words, equating is not curving your score relative to other test takers on the day you take the test. Equating controls for slight variations in different SAT dates to ensure that scaled scores represent the same level of ability across different test dates. For example, a 600 on SAT Math in March has to represent the same ability level as a 600 on SAT Math in May. So if the May test turns out to be more difficult for students, the raw-score to scaled-score calculation will be adjusted so that a slightly lower raw score still nets a 600 scaled score. Since the equating formula changes from test to test to keep the scores equal, there is no way to know for sure how a certain raw score will translate to a scaled score. However, the College Board releases raw score to scaled score ranges to give you an idea of what level of raw score you need to get to certain scaled score numbers. While there are not confirmed score range tables available yet, we can use the raw to scaled score tables included in College Board’s free SAT practice tests for a sense of how raw scores become scaled scores on the Redesigned SAT. You'll notice as you look at the tables that they differ slightly: for example, a raw score of 57 gets you a perfect 800 on Test 4 but not Test 1. This is because, as we discussed above, each test is equated so that despite slight differences in difficulty, an 800 on one test means the same as an 800 on another test. In this case, the Math section on Test 4 is slightly harder, so you can only miss one point and still get an 800. And don’t worry – we will explain scoring for each section in depth so you’ll know exactly how to use these tables. Test 1 Score Conversion Table Via College Board's Scoring Your Practice Test 1. Test 4 Score Conversion Table Via College Board's Scoring Your Practice Test 4. Next, we will break down the mechanics of scoring section-to-section, to help you best prepare for each part of the test. Calculating Your Math Section Score Finding your score on SAT Math is relatively straightforward. I'll walk you step-by-step through finding your raw score to calculating your final scaled score between 200 and 800. Figure out your raw score on each of the two math sections (No Calculator and Calculator). This is just the total amount of questions you answered correctly. The No Calculator section has 20 possible points, while the Calculator section has 38 possible points. Blank or wrong questions do not count for or against you. For the Grid-In answers, where you fill in the answer rather than choosing A, B, C, or D, remember that there can be a few different ways to write the same answer (for example, 3/5 could also be written as 0.6). As an example, let's say I take Practice Test 1. After checking my answers, I count 15 correct answers on the No Calculator Section, and 25 correct answers on the Calculator section. I ignore wrong or blank answers as I count, since there is no longer a deduction for wrong answers. Add your No-Calculator raw score to your Calculator raw score. This is your final Math raw score. The highest possible raw score is 58. To continue my example, I would add 15 (my raw score on the No Calculator section) to 25 (my raw score on the Calculator section) for a final Math raw score of 40. Using the table for your practice test, find the scaled score of 200-800 your raw score matches to. Since I took Practice Test 1, I use Table 1 and find that a raw score of 40 translates to a scaled score of 610. Via College Board's Scoring Your Practice Test 1. What if you're not using one of College Board's practice tests? If you’re scoring questions from a practice test without a raw score to scaled score table, or you just want to know how many raw points you would need for a certain score, look at both tables to come up with an estimate. For example, when I look at Table 4, I see that a raw score of 40 on that test would have gotten me a 670! Based on that, I know if I get a raw score of 40 on Math, I can bet on a final score in the low- to mid-600s. We'll talk more about how to come up with raw score goals later in the post! Calculating Your Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Score Finding your EBRW scaled score is a bit trickier than finding your Math score, since you have to combine your performance on the Reading and Writing sections. Let's take a look. Find your raw score on the Reading section. This is just the total amount of questions you answered correctly. Blank or wrong questions do not count for or against you. The highest raw score possible is 52. To continue with my example, let's stay with Practice Test 1. Let's say I correct the Reading section and find that I got 39 questions right. That gives me a Reading raw score of 39. Find your raw score on the Writing section. This is just the total amount of questions you answered correctly. Blank or wrong questions do not count for or against you. The highest raw score possible is 44. Let's say I correct the Writing section and see that I got 35 questions correct. My Writing raw score is 35. Find your Reading â€Å"scaled score† on the table. This is a number between 10 and 40. Using Table 1, I look up my Reading raw score of 40, and see that it translates to a scaled score of 32. Find your Writing â€Å"scaled score† on the table. This is a number between 10 and 40. Using Table 1, I look up my Writing raw score of 35 and see that it also translates to 32. Via College Board's Scoring Your Practice Test 1. Add your Reading and Writing scaled scores together. You’ll get a number between 20 and 80. Since I got a 32 scaled score on both Reading and Writing, I add them together: 32 + 32 = 64. Multiply your scaled score by 10. This is your final scaled score between 200 and 800. I multiply 64 by 10 to get 640. This is my final Evidence-Based Reading and Writing score. Finally, I can calculate my total SAT composite score, since I know my Math score (610) and my EBRW score (640). I simply add them together to get the composite: 610 + 640 = 1250. Not too shabby! Subscores But wait, there's more! The Redesigned SAT also gives you a number of subscores: two that rate your ability in different subjects (History/Social Studies and Science), and seven that break down the Math, Reading, and Writing sections into more specific (and creatively-named!) skills, for example, "Heart of Algebra." You can read in-depth about the Subscores on the Redesigned SAT website. We’ll explain here how to calculate these various subscores – and also talk a bit about why they’re not as important as your main section scores. Cross-Tess Scores: Analysis in History/Social Studies and Analysis in Science To calculate your cross-test scores, you need to have access to a detailed answer key that marks which questions fall under which cross-score categories, since they will come from all different sections of the test. If you take the College Board's free practice tests (linked above), then you can use their answer keys, which are quite detailed. Find the questions marked as History/Social Studies and Science in the answer key. Next, find your raw score for each category – simply total up how many questions you got right. This can be a bit tedious, since you have to count up questions from different sections. College Board's answer keys come with a table to help you do this. Via College Board's Scoring Your Practice Test 1. Finally, use their table to calculate your final scaled score, between 10 and 40, for each subject area, History/Social Science and Science, based on the raw scores you found. Unlike EBRW, you do not combine these two scores and multiply them for a final scaled score between 200 and 800. They simply stand alone as indicators of your Science and Social Science skills. Via College Board's Scoring Your Practice Test 1. Subject-Specific Subscores You can also calculate subscores for seven other areas: Expression of Ideas, Standard English Conventions, Heart of Algebra, Problem Solving and Data Analysis, Passport to Advanced Math, Words in Context, and Command of Evidence. These subscores give you more fine-grained information about your performance within Math and EBRW. You find these subscores using the same process: find the questions marked as belonging to those categories, total up your raw score for each category, and then use the conversion table to find your scaled scores. It can definitely be tedious to calculate all of these on your own, since there are seven categories, but it can be worth it to learn more about your strengths and weaknesses as a test-taker, as we will discuss below. An example of how to find the relevant questions to calculate a subscore. Via College Board's Scoring Your Practice Test 1. The final conversion table for finding your subscores. Via College Board's Scoring Your Practice Test 1. How Much Do My Subscores Matter? In terms of how your SAT score is perceived, the subscores aren’t very important. Colleges are looking most closely at your composite score, and then at the two main section scores (EBRW and Math). They may look at your subscores for more info or context about your performance, but they’re not nearly as important. Especially since these subscore categories are new with the Redesigned SAT, and colleges aren’t really used to taking all of these different subscores into account, they are more likely to rely on just the basic composite (1600) and main section scores (out of 800) to compare your scores with other applicants. However, these subscores can be very helpful for you. Why? They can give you major clues as to where to focus your prep. For example, say that when you calculate your math subscores and notice that you missed over half of the â€Å"Passport to Advanced Math† questions, despite getting the other questions mostly correct. That’s a big hint that you are struggling with some higher-level math concepts, and you should study them carefully before retaking the test. So even though it's tedious, if you're not getting the scores you want on practice exams, take the time to calculate your subscores both the cross-subject scores and the section subscores to figure out where you're going wrong and to focus your studying more carefully. What About the Essay? Unlike the old SAT, on the new SAT, your essay score is totally separate and not combined with your final composite score in any way. (You could technically score a perfect 1600 even with a subpar essay – not that we recommend blowing the essay off, as we will discuss below!). As forhow your essay is graded, it will receive three scores between 2 and 8: one score for Reading, one for Analysis, and one for Writing. A 2 is the lowest score for any category, while 8 is the highest. Reading will judge how well you read through and understood the passage the essay is about and how well you demonstrate that understanding in your essay. Analysis will judge how well you analyze the passage in relation to the prompt and how solid (or not) your argument is. Writing will judge how strong your essay is from a construction standpoint: in other words, is it logical? Does it flow well? Do you use good grammar and spelling? Two readers (as in, two flesh and blood people!) will read your essay, and give the Reading, Analysis, and Writing parts of your essay a score from 1 to 4. Those scores will then be added together for the three final scores of between 2 and 8. You can read a complete SAT essay rubric in case you’re curious about how exactly the essay will be graded. How To Use This Information So, now that you’re an expert on how the SAT is scored, how can you use this information to your advantage? We have identified four key ways in which understanding SAT scores can help you make a smart study plan and improve your score. #1: Develop Targeted Raw Scores You can use College Board’s raw-to-scaled score tables to help develop a target raw score for each section. For example, if you want to crack 700 on Math, you should aim for at least a 45, though 50 is the safest bet. If you want to get to at least a 700 on EBRW, since it combines Reading and Writing, you can play around a bit with your raw score goals. For example, you could aim to get a scaled score of 35 on each section, for a total of 70. In this case, you would go for 45 raw points on Reading and 39 raw points on Writing. But say you are really confident about the Writing section but less confident on Reading. You could go for a perfect 40 on Writing and aim for 30 on Reading and still get a 70, a.k.a. 700, overall. In that case, you would aim for all 44 raw points on Writing and 36 raw points on reading. So no matter what your score goals are, using the tables to find the raw scores you need helps make your studying more concrete and manageable. Knowing how many raw points you need gives you a much better sense of how to approach each section. (By the way, if you're wondering what SAT score you should aim for you should read our guide to what a good SAT score is.) #2: Guess Aggressively Since the Redesigned SAT doesn’t have a guessing penalty, make sure to answer every single question on every single section – even if it means filling in random bubbles if you run out of time at the end of the test. At best, you’ll pick up an extra raw point or two, at worst, you won’t gain any. But you will not be hurt at all by guessing, so it’s worth the shot! Remember: if you're leaving blank bubbles on your SAT answer sheet, you're basically throwing away free raw points. #3: Don't Sweat the Essay... But Don't Brush It Off, Either Since the essay doesn’t factor into your final composite score, don’t devote too much of your SAT study time on it. Having the highest composite score possible is important both for admission to selective schools and for getting merit scholarships. However, you shouldn’t swing the other way and completely bomb the essay. Colleges will be able to read your essay when your SAT scores are sent, so you want it to represent your sincerest effort. Especially since colleges have the essay as an example of your writing, you want it to be good quality so that your carefully edited essays don't look like they were written by someone else. Bottom line: your overall composite score is much more important than the essay, and as long as your essay score isn’t drastically different than your composite, you’ll be fine. #4: Do Sweat the Math Section Since Math is exactly half of your composite score, it’s more important than ever to study hard for it. Unlike the old SAT, on which Math was just 1/3 of your total composite, on the Redesigned SAT, it can absolutely make or break your score. To take an example, let's look at two hypothetical students. Student A does perfectly on Reading and Writing, scoring a perfect 40 on each section for a composite of 800. However, he stumbles a bit on Math, getting a composite of 600. Student A's final composite is 1400. Student B, meanwhile, does perfectly on Math, with a score of 800, and Reading, with a scaled score of 40. However, she stumbles a bit on writing and only gets a scaled score of 30. Her final EBRW scaled score is a 70 (40 + 30), meaning that she ends up with an EBRW composite of 700. So Student B's final composite score is a 1500, significantly higher! The message here isn't to neglect studying for Reading and Writing. It is still important to do very well on both sections for a strong EBRW score. However, you can see that out of the three sections, Math carries the most weight, so it's very important to do well on Math for a strong final composite score. What's Next? Did the last section freak you out? If you don't consider yourself a math person, don't panic! We have the ultimate guide for SAT Math including practice problems and key strategies to help you do well. By the way, we believe anyone can be a math person! To find out how, check out this article on getting perfect grades in high school from our resident Harvard alum. Not only does this guide have great advice for improving your grades, it also explains the concept of a "growth mindset" and why having this mindset is key to doing well, even in subjects you think you're not good at. Get the complete lowdown on the Redesigned SAT with our complete guide to the New SAT. In this post we break down new question types, new strategies, and new challenges that you may face on the SAT beginning in March 2016. What SAT score should you aim for?We take you step by step through figuring out your SAT target score. This is a crucial step to be able to figure out the raw scores you need for each section and to make a comprehensive study plan. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?Click below to download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need to keep in mind to have a shot:

Corporate Compliance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate Compliance - Essay Example Governance, risk management and compliance were the key elements that needed to be address by the company. Aero energy turned to SAP GRC Access Control and the systems risk analysis and remediation functionality to find the answer they needed (Krell, 2008).This tool has had the specific functionality that allow the company to meet its Sarbanes Oxley needs as well as enhancing the companys risk management capabilities. The solution to a certain extend worked in an automated manner, but it needed a corporate commitment from different people and departments. Three elements that were needed for it to work were: standardizing various business processes, full commitment from the companys executive staff and the participation and monitoring of the finance and IT departments (Krell, 2008). The implementation of the new system met the expectations of the company. It allowed the parent companies to perform joint internal and external audits much faster than before. The entire process was efficient and provided administrative and labor savings because the information was accessible and the raw data was organize in an easy to use manner. The realignment of the organizational structure allowed the desired collaboration to take place at Aera Energy. The move also allowed the firm to address other compliance issues such as segregation of duties. Prior to implementing this solution the company was struggling to deal as subsidiary company with the Sarbanes-Oxley obligation its parent companies request, but after implementing the new system their underlying problems were resolved. The Arkansas Foundation for Medical Care (AFMC) is an organization that has been in business for over 30 years. The company is responsible for performing peer review and quality improvements for Medicare. Ironically a company dedicated to providing advice to others had forgotten about how to improve its own

Principles of Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of Economics - Research Paper Example Based on this research economics is about scarcity and choice. It is assumed that all human beings are rational thinkers hence would always choose to consume products that would give them maximum satisfaction or utility. Mankiw argues that rational people ‘systematically and purposefully do the best to achieve objectives given available opportunity.’ Given a choice among alternatives and with scarce resources, one would evaluate the benefits and costs of consuming an extra unit of a product and would only take a decision only if marginal benefit is greater than marginal cost. In this case, to solve the alcohol abuse problem, one has to consider marginal benefits and marginal costs derived from consuming an extra unit of alcohol and since excessive drinking has more costs than benefits, one would refrain from alcohol. The opportunity cost foregone by choosing to abuse alcohol is too high compared to satisfaction derived; money spent on alcohol can do many other things suc h as feeding the family, education for children, and investments among others. Besides, the person may have health problems thus adding to the costs. By considering all these factors, a rational person would refrain from alcohol abuse. Heyne acknowledges the role played by incentives in directing behavior. For him, rational people usually respond to incentives or are induced to act by them. Assuming alcohol abusers are rational, imposing taxes on alcohol substances would eliminate the problem. This would follow the law of demand which states that other things being constant, if the price of a good increase, the quantity demanded of the good decreases. Taxes have the effect of increasing alcohol prices and this would automatically mean that the abusers would desist from alcohol consumption or cut their consumption. Prescription Drug Effects on Demand and Supply of Other Products and Services Prescription drugs are drugs prescribed by a medical officer to a patient and are regulated b y legislation unlike the over-the-counter drugs which can be old to anyone. If a patient is under prescription drugs, he/she buys the drugs despite the price of the drugs. An increase or decrease in price of the drugs therefore has little or no effect on the quantity demanded by an individual (McCarthy & Schafermeyer, 2007). The drugs are provided by the National Health Insurance and have no close substitutes. The increase in price of the drugs thus affects all the sectors of healthcare industry such as patients and private insurers. Due to increased costs, the private insurers are forced to increase the cost of their services in case they have to offer such drugs and this may lead to low demand for their services. The patients are also required to get medical prescriptions before obtaining the drugs thus the demand for the medicine may be low compared to over-the-counter drugs. Use of prescription drugs also has an effect on demand for other healthcare services such as hospitalizat ion. The prescription drugs also affect supply of generic products as manufacturers have patents to supply the new drugs for some years. Elasticity of Demand and Supply The price elasticity of demanded which is percentage change in quantity demanded over percentage change in price shows consumers responsiveness to price changes. (McKenzie & Lee, 2006). It is an important consideration when analyzing the impact of a shift in supply and in determining if the firm should raise or lower its price. The supply curve is upward sloping showing a positive relationship between price and quantity supplied other things held constant. However, in long-run, those factors do change causing a shift in supply curve. Such factors include; input prices, technology, expectations and number of sellers in the market. For example, an increase in input prices such as labor would lead to a decrease in supply thus shifting the supply curve to the left. This

Solar Powered Cars Essay Example for Free

Solar Powered Cars Essay Cars that run on fossil fuels are still standard, but many would like to replace those diesel or gas engines with alternative fuels. One promising possibility is to develop solar powered cars. Although this is not yet a reality, prototypes have been built and proven to be functional and now many researchers are trying to find ways of using solar energy to power cars. Solar powered cars would have many advantages over those that run on fossil fuels. These advantages are directly the result of the alternative source of energy. Cars that are solar powered basically run on energy collected from the sun’s rays and that means that there is an unlimited supply of the source energy. This gives solar powered vehicles an edge over those that use up the limited supplies of oil reserves. Another advantage of solar energy is that it is also free of future costs for the supply and requires very little maintenance and upkeep. This would make solar powered cars cheap to drive. Since solar power doesn’t have any emissions, the cars would also be considered clean or â€Å"green† and not have a negative impact on the environment. However, as of now there are no standard solar powered car models on the market. This may change in the near future, though, since many of the major manufacturers are also looking into this alternative source of energy and have ideas, such as adding solar panels to the car roof or to use solar energy as a power source to charge electric cars. Media Plan The medium we selected is Print media Commercial (TV) Print Medium: The Ad should be high resolute and innovated that if the customer is in market buy the product can actually picture the Ad .People we are targeting the middle class people. Ad will be advertized in Sunday Magazine The NEWS cover page as first impression is the last THE DAWN cover page as first impression is the last As many people we are targeting read news papers on weekends only and will impact them more efficiently It will help customer to Thorley read the ad and make a thought about the product, The cover page will cost on the NEW (cover page) 4’’ will cost 180000 per week And Dawn will charge on 230000 for a week Commercial (TV) Time should be exact before 9:00 headline (news) Geo News is the channel we have selected and time selected slot we are have finalized is 8:59 Time span will be 30 seconds   Geo is currently costing us 350000 per commercial, and off the peak time it will cost us 250000